Object Identification App Android Mobile †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Talk About The Object Identification App Android Mobile? Answer: Presentation: The item distinguishing proof or picture handling application perceives objects in any photograph that is taken utilizing an android telephone. Different versatile administrators have been giving diverse arrangement in Australia. Consequently the picture handling plan for android telephones would be created proposing an arrangement for venture execution (Sonka, Hlavac Boyle, 2014). The report depicts the picture handling with the gadget ability necessities. A short engineering for the application is likewise investigated. In conclusion an utilization case and a class outline are represented alongside the proposed UI and cooperation. The Object Identification App: The picture preparing could be alluded as the each conceivable action done on any picture. This could incorporate trimming of picture, expanding the scaling or complexity. Since the digitalization of the pictures emerged in the innovation world, there has been appeal for the article acknowledgment (Owen, 2014). The article distinguishing proof had been a traditional issue in the picture handling. The PCs can't recover objects from any picture dissimilar to the people. A picture comprise different pixels for a PC. The computerized reasoning expected to distinguish objects in the framework is to be created by a software engineer. Along these lines the most current methodologies for this issue apply for specific items. Cases of this incorporates the acknowledgment of optical character changing pictures into messages, distinguishing proof of human faces, present estimation to decide the position and direction of any article and the picture recovery dependent on substance to discover the picture in more extensive arrangement of the pictures (Wang et al., 2017). The gadget ability prerequisites: The gadget must contain some APIs installed in the structure of use. They are portrayed therefore. The first is the area supervisor permitting getting each topographical data. Utilizing the GPS, it can perceive the area in subtleties. It decides the situation based on accessible assets (Saipullah, 2013). Next, the XMPP administration is used for sending information messages to a running client. It acts with any Gmail account. In this manner there is no compelling reason to make any server frameworks. At that point the notice directors is utilized that causes in adding warnings to status bar. Ultimately the view frameworks helps in permitting implanted html content in the application. Design of the item distinguishing proof application: The android is to be intended for the total heap of Applications, middleware and OS. It must utilize Linux 2.6 Kernel. The resulting level must contain the libraries. They should be written in C or C++ and serve the a large portion of the focal intensity of the stage. The SGL advertisement OpenGL|ES are the realistic libraries of the framework. They are the 3D and the 2S library separately (Bucerzan Ra?iu, 2016). The following segment must be the media system. It would contain the vast majority of the codes required to the executives the most significant media groups like AAC, MPEG4 and MP3. With respect to capacity, the SQLite framework must be utilized. The Android Runtime must be situated at a similar level. It contains the Dalvik Virtual Machine most crucial segments of the android. It utilizes the Dex-records, the byte-codes beginning from change of .container documents during construct time. Here the center libraries could be found containing each assortment utilities, classes, IO, etc (Erden et al., 2016). The application structure needs to been written in Java. This is the toolbox utilized by each application. The application like movement chief controls the existence pattern of each application. The bundle administrators records the track of the applications introduced in the gadget (Saxena, Jain Singhal, 2014). The Window chief has been the JPL deliberation at the upper degree of the administrations of lower level given by Surface supervisor. The communication director contains the APIs with respect to the telephone applications. The substance supplier is to shape the system permitting applications for imparting to different applications. The Use case and class outlines: The on-screen characters in the utilization case are the client. The client man get to he primary menu and from that point he can alter the picture. The alter picture utilizes the log alters which further uses the view alter log. The change immersion, modify differentiate, zoom, scroll picture and alter commotion incorporates the alter picture. The fix obscure likewise incorporates the alter picture and uses the immediate haze. The class graph is the static structure outline showing the structures like client, framework, camera controller and others with the properties and the relationship among them. The proposed UI and collaboration: Like most different applications, the picked application likewise requires the GUI or Graphical User Interface for permitting the client collaboration. Fundamentally the GUI for the interface is separated in three primary regions. The first is the menu bar. This permits the production of another historical center dataset, sparing the current information, and creating future file documents which could move XML, HTML and media content like pictures, films or sound on the double to the phone (Lord, Rhoads Rodriguez, 2014). This could be helpful in a genuine exhibition hall where a client could simply download the bundle and the application. The left-hand zone is the following segment of the GUI on the principle screen. This must be the picture list in the current database with the identifier, title per painting and a thumbnail. Underneath this rundown, the head can erase the picked picture or make another new picture. Through the choice of the picture, the right-hand side of the window would get filled in. Other than the UI the administration interface likewise needs to play out some work.) End: The proposed application has been presented in the report keeping all its utilization and potential in the current commercial center at the top of the priority list. Next it assists with understanding the detail portrayal in regards to its design. The report has additionally secured the brief evaluation of the abilities of the gadget satisfying the necessities of the applications. The utilization case outline is readied showing every one of its parts. The class chart assists with thinking about all the classes with important connections. In conclusion an interface is proposed which is alluring, natural, and agreeable with significant client communication with this application. References: Bucerzan, D., Ra?iu, C. (2016). Picture Processing with Android Steganography. InSoft Computing Applications(pp. 27-36). Springer, Cham. Erden, F., Velipasalar, S., Alkar, A. Z., Cetin, A. E. (2016). Sensors in Assisted Living: An Audit of sign and picture handling methods.IEEE Signal Processing Magazine,33(2), 36-44. Master, J. D., Rhoads, G. B., Rodriguez, T. F. (2014).U.S. Patent No. 8,855,712. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Owen, S. (2014). zxing-Multi-position 1D/2D standardized identification picture preparing library with customers for Android, Java. Saipullah, K. M. (2013). Estimating power utilization for picture preparing on android smartphone.American Journal of Applied Sciences,9(12), 2052-2057. Saxena, A., Jain, D. K., Singhal, A. (2014, April). Hand signal acknowledgment utilizing an android gadget. InCommunication Systems and Network Technologies (CSNT), 2014 Fourth International Conference on(pp. 819-822). IEEE. Sonka, M., Hlavac, V., Boyle, R. (2014).Image preparing, examination, and machine vision. Cengage Learning. Wang, W., Bai, X., Chu, X., Jiang, H., Jia, B., Yang, Y., Kimuli, D. (2017). Discovery of mildew covered corn pieces utilizing picture preparing procedure the executives dependent on the Android working framework. In2017 ASABE Annual International Meeting(p. 1). American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers.

Assumption Paper

Rio Salazar Professor Kampa English structure 122 August 15, 2012 Assumption Paper Music history is the least demanding approach to welcome the specialty regardless of sort, instrument, sound, or starting point. It likewise allows one to get a comprehension of what life resembles in an alternate nation by the manner in which they move to their music, or how they respond when their music goes ahead. One thing that ought to be learned in music history is the valuation for music.The second thing that ought to be educated is the means by which music impacts individuals everywhere throughout the world regardless of the language, whether it is an instrumental or acapella, all individuals will respond extraordinary. The exact opposite thing that ought to be educated is the diverse timespans of all music to perceive how it has changed throughout the years. Plainly you can comprehend that these are the central matters of music history. Music gratefulness is a significant viewpoint since it pe rmits one to pick up information about numerous kinds of music. It shows the birthplaces of various sorts of music. It tells one the best way to extend their scope of music.Music thankfulness additionally permits one to discover the birthplaces of the class. From multiple points of view music thankfulness permits individuals to extend their preference for music. Music history will show individuals how music impacts individuals everywhere throughout the world. It will assist individuals with seeing how the music individuals tune in to causes them to feel in regular daily existence, and how it impacts the manner in which they move to the music they hear. In conclusion how the various areas impacts the music and its style. With everything taken into account this is the means by which it would educate the music’s effects on individuals in their regular lives.The various styles that have been created throughout the years would be the following thing instructed in music history. Le ading there would be such a significant number of various styles of music as the years go on the grounds that, things will in general grow, and music extended rapidly. Additionally as the years passed by music extended thus did the utilization of various instruments. Ultimately this is the manner by which music has changed because of new styles creating throughout the years, and the utilization and development of new instruments. Music is the sauce of life and without it would be tasteless and exceptionally exhausting with about nothing for diversion.

The First Battle of Ypres During World War I

The First Battle of Ypres During World War I The First Battle of Ypres was battled October 19 to November 22, 1914, during ​World War I (1914-1918). The Commanders on each side were as per the following: Partners Field Marshal Sir John FrenchGeneral Joseph JoffreKing Albert I of Belgium Germany Head of the General Staff Erich von FalkenhaynField Marshal Albrecht, Duke of Wà ¼rttembergGeneral Rupprecht, Crown Prince of Bavaria Fight Background After the episode of World War I in August 1914, Germany executed the Schlieffen Plan. Refreshed in 1906, this arrangement called for German soldiers to swing through Belgium with the objective of enclosing French powers along the Franco-German outskirt and winning a snappy triumph. With France vanquished, troops could be moved east for a battle against Russia. Put into activity, the beginning periods of the arrangement were to a great extent fruitful during the Battle of the Frontiers and the German reason was additionally supported by a staggering triumph over the Russians at Tannenberg in late-August. In Belgium, the Germans pushed back the little Belgian Army and crushed the French at the Battle of Charleroi just as the British Expeditionary Force (BEF) at Mons. Withdrawing south, the BEF and French powers at last prevailing with regards to checking the German development at the First Battle of the Marne toward the beginning of September. Stopped in their development, the Germans pulled back to a line behind the Aisne River. Counterattacking at the First Battle of the Aisne, the Allies had little achievement and took overwhelming misfortunes. Stalemated on this front, the two sides started the Race to the Sea as they endeavored to outmaneuver one another. Moving north and west, they stretched out the front to the English Channel. As the two sides looked for a bit of leeway, they conflicted in Picardy, Albert, and Artois. Eventually arriving at the coast, the Western Front turned into a ceaseless line extending to the Swiss boondocks. Setting the Stage Having moved north, the BEF, drove by Field Marshal Sir John French, started showing up close to the Belgian town of Ypres on October 14. A vital area, Ypres was the last deterrent between the Germans and the key Channel ports of Calais and Boulogne-sur-Mer. On the other hand, an Allied forward leap close to the town would permit them to clear over the generally level territory of Flanders and undermine key German flexibly lines. Planning with General Ferdinand Foch, who was supervising French powers on the BEFs flanks, French wanted to go into all out attack mode and assault east toward Menin. Working with Foch, the two commandants planned to segregate the German III Reserve Corps, which was progressing from Antwerp, before swinging southeast to a situation along the Lys River from which they could strike the flank of the fundamental German line. Unconscious that enormous components of Albrecht, Duke of Wã ¼rttembergs Fourth Army and Rupprecht, Crown Prince of Bavarias Sixth Army were drawing closer from the east, French arranged his order forward. Moving west, Fourth Army had a few new huge arrangements of hold troops which included numerous as of late enrolled understudies. In spite of the overall freshness of his men, Falkenhayn requested Albrecht to separate Dunkirk and Ostend paying little heed to the setbacks continued. Having accomplished this, he was to turn south towards Saint-Omer. Toward the south, Sixth Army got an order to keep the Allies from moving soldiers north while likewise keeping them from framing a strong front. On October 19, the Germans started assaulting and pushed back the French. Right now, French was all the while bringing the BEF into position as its seven infantry and three mounted force divisions were answerable for thirty-five miles of front running from Langemarck south around Ypres to the La Bassee Canal. The Fighting Begins Under the course of Chief of the General Staff Erich von Falkenhayn, German powers in Flanders started assaulting from the coast to south of Ypres. In the north, the Belgians faced a frantic conflict along the Yser which eventually observed them hold the Germans in the wake of flooding the territory around Nieuwpoort. Further south, Frenchs BEF went under substantial assault around and underneath Ypres. Striking the Lieutenant General Horace Smith-Dorriens II Corps on October 20, the Germans attacked the region among Ypres and Langemarck. Despite the fact that edgy, the British circumstance close to the town improved with the appearance of General Douglas Haigs I Corps. On October 23, pressure on the British III Corps in the south expanded and they had to fall back two miles. A comparable development was expected of General Edmund Allenbys Cavalry Corps. Seriously dwarfed and lacking adequate big guns, the BEF made due because of its capability in fast rifle discharge. Pointed rifle shoot from the veteran British warriors was quick to such an extent that regularly the Germans accepted they were experiencing automatic weapons. Overwhelming German assaults proceeded until the finish of October with the British exacting substantial misfortunes as severe fights were battled about little fixes of an area, for example, Polygon Woods east of Ypres. In spite of the fact that holding, Frenchs powers were seriously extended and were just strengthened by troops showing up from India. Wicked Flanders Restoring the hostile, General Gustav Hermann Karl Max von Fabeck assaulted with an impromptu power involved XV Corps, II Bavarian Corps, 26th Division, and the sixth Bavarian Reserve Division on October 29. Concentrated on a limited front and bolstered by 250 overwhelming firearms, the ambush pushed ahead along the Menin Road towards Gheluvelt. Drawing in the British, wild battling resulted throughout the following hardly any days as the different sides battled for Polygon, Shrewsbury, and Nuns Woods. Getting through to Gheluvelt, the Germans were at long last ended after the British stopped the penetrate with quickly collected powers from the back. Disappointed by the disappointment at Gheluvelt, Fabeck moved south to the base of the Ypres remarkable. Assaulting among Wytschaete and Messines, the Germans prevailing with regards to taking the two towns and the close by edge after substantial to and fro battling. The ambush was at long last ended on November 1 with French help after British soldiers energized close Zandvoorde. After stopping for a moment, the Germans made a last push against Ypres on November 10. Again assaulting along the Menin Road, the brunt of the attack fell on the battered British II Corps. Extended as far as possible, it was constrained from their cutting edges however swore by a progression of solid focuses. Holding, British powers prevailing with regards to fixing a break in their lines at Noone Bosschen. The days exertion saw the Germans increase a stretch of the British lines running from the Menin Road to Polygon Wood. After a substantial assault of the territory between Polygon Wood and Messines on November 12, German soldiers again struck along the Menin Road. In spite of the fact that increasing some ground, their endeavors went unsupported and the development was contained by the following day. With their divisions seriously destroyed, a significant number of Frenchs administrators accepted the BEF to be in emergency should the Germans assault again in quality. Despite the fact that German assaults continued throughout the following barely any days, they were to a great extent minor and were spurned. With his military spent, Albrecht requested his men to delve in on November 17. Battling glimmered for an additional five days before calming for the winter. The Aftermath A basic triumph for the Allies, the First Battle of Ypres saw the BEF support 7,960 executed, 29,562 injured, and 17,873 missing, while the French brought about somewhere in the range of 50,000 and 85,000 setbacks of different kinds. Toward the north, the Belgians took 21,562 losses during the battle. German misfortunes for their endeavors in Flanders totaled 19,530 slaughtered, 83,520 injured, 31,265 missing. A large number of the German misfortunes were continued by the hold arrangements that had been contained understudies and different young people. Thus, their misfortune was named the Massacre of the Innocents of Ypres. With winter drawing closer, the two sides started delving in and building the detailed channel frameworks that would portray the front for the rest of the war. The Allied protection at Ypres guaranteed that the war in the West would not be over rapidly as the Germans wanted. Battling around the Ypres notable would continue in April 1915 with the Second Battle of Ypres. Sources First World War: First Battle of YpresHistory of War: First Battle of Ypres

Environment Resource - Free Essay Example

In my live I have dreamed of becoming a very great person in Nation. From what I read I understand. One of my mentors told me that with passion you always do perfect things. My interest in environment and resources is realistic. With all the skills and knowledge I have, its my duty to apply on the field and also help other nations in managing the environment. The paper basically talks about my interests in my field of study. Why this program? When I joined my high school, I took part in the program called the million trees project. Under this program, I went with my classmates to Inner Mongolia where we planted 200 trees. I never thought sandstorms could be so scary until we met one on my trip. The sandstorm trapped our bus for some hours on the road, we could see nothing around and we could not get out of the bus. I imagined how people feel about it when they live in such a place with sandstorms everywhere. After participation in this program, I realized that we can change our environment for a better living if we make an effort in the transformation and I developed a deep interest in the field of environment because I needed a change. Planting trees and saving water during shower are simple methods that show an effort in changing our environment.   I realized that people can change the environment to a better situation if everyone can make an effort to do that.   Therefore, I decided to make the environment better t hrough my own way, to be a person who can stimulate the interest or action of peoples pro-environmental attitude and make our earth better. I am really interested to get deeper in this field to learn more and apply the knowledge that I have acquired from different subjects in solving environmental problems. When first I saw the requirements for my major in college, I was confused why this major need to know so many different things, including physics, chemistry, policy, biology, etc. Nevertheless, I enjoyed learning these varieties of subjects and really felt proud that I could know so much in one major. It feels great to combine different things I learned to solve a single complicated issue. This shows the many ways of killing a rat. RESEARCH INTEREST I have designed a research project with one of my professor, Susan Handy, on one of the most popular issues in China: the serious haze problem. The proposed research is aimed at finding out how air quality issues can affect peoples pro-environmental actions, which can help the policymakers to design better policy to solve the haze problem in China. I proposed the design with a proportionate stratified random sampling, which makes the survey much more convincing. (I was interested in investigating the relationship between the society and the natural environment, and how can peoples action effect future environmental management and policy. If most people believe that their action can help to solve some environmental issues, I believe current policies can work better). RESEARCH EXPERIENCE I have worked with a team to help our colleges energy conservation office to save energy by designing a proposal to reduce the energy usage of the buildings on campus. I was elected as the team leader. As a team, we had different thoughts and ideas, which made the cooperation uneasy. It was not my expectation that it could be this hard to be a leader. Two of our group members did not agree with my ideas on how to start this project. However, it was my duty to persuade my teammates and make our cooperation better as a team leader. Personally, I decided to communicate with my teammates after the class and see how they could think about this project. They shared their ideas with me although the ideas were completely different from mine; I decided to take part of their ideas and synthesis with my own ideas. I tried to communicate with them and pointed out the advantages and flaws of both thoughts, and then I called all group members together for generation of a better idea. Finally, all the group members made an agreement which I took as the final proposal for our research. We then split the duties, and everyone in the group could work in his/her favorite area of the research. Personally, I was interested in investigating the renewable energy and how it could be spread out all over the world. This experience was valuable because I learned that it is important to accept every members idea and communicate with them for better results. Without a leader, or lack for cooperation in a team, teamwork cannot be consummated; also, through this research, I learned how energy supported the corporation of a building and saving energy through a simple action could have a bigger impact than I imaged. Another useful example: I designed and conducted a GIS research project with my partner this year, which aimed to discover the relationship between the land cover types and biodiversity of the watersheds in California. I struggled when I found that the data available online was much more complicated than I imagined. Since finding the resource should be part of my work, I did not ask my peer for help. However, the process involved some coding, which I didnt learn before. I finally asked my peer to help me, and we came up with different solutions. I learned some basic for coding from my partner, and she really did an awesome job of taking me through the coding calmly. I knew that it was not possible for me to solve this problem alone, and Im glad that my partner turned up for this research. Definitely, when there are Cooperation and coordination our work becomes more efficient and it provides a shorter path to success. GAP I found an internship in WWF in Shanghai, China. I am really interested in the programs conducted by WWF, including its cooperation with the government, the bank, and other non-profit organization. I think that could be a great and vulnerable experience for me before I go into a graduate school because it is an opportunity for me to practice the skills and knowledge that have acquired in college in perspective of my career. Personally, I need the experience in how the non-profit organizations work to solve environmental issues, venture into their work policies, program conduct and implementation. These are useful experiences for me to work on my future career path and have a clear plan of what I need to accomplish in the graduate school, and a chance to get to know more about different problems in my home county. This may be another research interest: As an international student from China, I am concerned about the environmental problems happened in my home countries, such as air pollution, deforestation, and recycling. I came to America to learn different cultures and to see how different countries deal with their environmental issues in order to find some edification. Therefore, my first proposed research was designed for helping Chinas haze problem, and for my future research path, I still ..

Corporate Social Responsibility Ethical Responsibility

Corporate Social Responsibility: Should we, or should we not. Corporate Social Responsibility (C.S.R.) is a theory practiced in the business sphere since fifty years. It refers to the duty of business organizations to adopt certain activities that will benefit the society in some way. Charity, health-awareness campaigns are few examples that a business undertakes to fulfil its objectives of C.S.R. According to this ideal, it is important for various corporations today to undertake such social activities, apart from merely focusing on their objective of profit maximization. But, is it an obligation that is most important than other objectives of business? This thought further leads us to another significant question – In contemporary settings, should corporations be guided by the concept of C.S.R.? â€Å"Businesses are owned by their shareholders - money spent on CSR by managers is theft of the rightful property of the owners-This is the voice of the laisser-faire 1980s, still being given powerful voice by advocates such as Elaine Sternberg. Sternberg argues that there is a human rights case against CSR, which is that a stakeholder approach to management deprives shareholders of their property rights.† (mallenbaker.net). This is one of the opinions which is against the concept of CSR which blames this theory for violating human rights of shareholders. Moreover, Lantos (2001), in the article ‘The boundaries of strategic corporate social responsibility’, while in agreement with theShow MoreRelatedCorporate Ethical And Social Responsibility996 Words   |  4 PagesCorporate Ethical and Social Responsibility – Apple Company Apple Company is one of the largest manufacturers of computers and electronics. â€Å"Apple Company was founded on April 1, 1976, by college dropouts Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak, who brought forth a new company vision of changing the way people, viewed computers† (Library of Congress, 2008). The ethical and social responsibility of Apple Company should have started with its inception; however, it did not. It was not until years later with theRead MoreCorporate Ethical and Social Responsibility2423 Words   |  10 PagesBusiness Research Report Corporate Ethical and Social responsibility Presented to: Western Governors University Assessment Code: RWT1 – Competency 318.2.2 Student Name: Richard P. Shields Student ID: 92502 Date: August 7, 2009 Mentor Name: Rungrudee Suetorsak, Ph.D. Table of Contents Executive Summary 3 Introduction 4 Research Findings 5 1. Organization Environmental responsibilities: 5 2. Organizational image: 5 3. Organization Increase profits: 6 Recommendations 7 ConclusionRead MoreThe Ethical Standards Of Corporate Social Responsibility1126 Words   |  5 Pagesin corporate social responsibility for the fifth consecutive year (Orwell, 2014). Known for its exorbitant executive salaries, â€Å"golden parachutes†, and lavish management perks during the infamous financial bailouts of 2009, AIG still struggles to regain consumer confidence (Orwell, 2014). Multiple corporations grapple with how to meet the ethical standards of corporate social responsibility in today’s global economy. Becoming a triple bottom line company would help a business meet its ethical obligationsRead MoreEthical Theories And Corporate Social Responsibility1853 Words   |  8 Pages 4.0 Ethical Analysis In this section, I will explain traditional and contemporary ethical theories, corporate social responsibility, governance and leadership, sustainability, globalisation, managing business ethics and the impact of changing business environment on corporate social responsibility. 4.1 Traditional Contemporary Ethical Theories and Corporate Social Responsibility Corporate Citizenship Traditional ethic starts from ancient Greeks to the ethics of Christianity. It supposes thatRead MoreThe Ethical Framework Of Corporate Social Responsibility1193 Words   |  5 Pagescomplete institutionalization of business ethics in the workplace. At minimum, this includes mandatory requirements, core practices, and strict punishments for violators. Within this idea and practice of Business Ethics, is the ethical framework of Corporate Social Responsibility. This idea suggests that companies have an obligation to act in such a way that it benefits society at large. This idea works best when a company takes a positive and voluntary approach. In many cases, we see companies struggleRead MoreEthical Policies Vs. Corporate Social Responsibilities1238 Words   |  5 PagesEthical policies vs. Corporate social responsibilities In ordinary life Ethical policies and CSR actions are commonly used and have certain overlapping, but there are contradictions between the two [1]. Ethical policies Let us come to general meaning of ethics. It is much dependent on individual’s inner voice, individual’s conduct of what is great or awful and senses make use of right or off-base. Presently apply this as business definition, the ultimate goal of the company is to make profitsRead MoreEthical Decision Making A Good Corporate Social Responsibility938 Words   |  4 PagesIn today’s busness world, ethics must be considered in order to keep organizations in good social standing in their industries and in society. Hobby Lobby founder David Green insist that stores are closed on Sundays to allow employees time for family and worship (Green, n.d.). Critics say that believers and employees may be happy with the policy, but the store is losing business to competitors who remain open on Sundays and for longer hours. This might be true but it is not important to Mr. GreenRead MoreCorporate Social Responsibility : A Business Model And Manager s Ethical Values999 Words    |  4 PagesCorporate social responsibility is an ethics that is concerned with a company’s value towards society (Daft, 44). In the book management Daft states, CSR as essentially a concept under which companies voluntarily contribute towards making a better society and a cleaner environment. The book basically has divided CSR into four subdivisions: economic, legal, ethical and discretionary responsibilities. CSR needs a proper organizational environment to be effective and in such a scenario one can say thatRead MoreEthical Issues Of Walmart s Corporate Social Responsibility Using The Four Part Csr Model1052 Words   |  5 PagesWhat are the major ethical issues in the case? One of the most prevalent ethical issues in the Walmart case is their labor practice. There are several violations against Walmart regarding wages and work hours of its employees. â€Å"Its labor practices have been increasingly questioned. THe company has been accused of paying wages so low that workers cannot live off them, making employees work ‘off the clock’ without overtime pay, paying few and low benefits, and taking advantage of illegal immigrants†Read More: Critically Evaluate Corporate Social Responsibility as an Ethical Tool Basing Some of Your Argument on the Toyota Case Study1711 Words   |  7 PagesWhat Corporate Social Responsibility is Corporate Social Responsibility can be defined has an obligation beyond that required law and economics , for a firm to purse long term goals that are good for the society. This entails the continuing commitment by business to behave ethically and contribute to economic development while improving quality of the workforce and their families as well as that of the local community and society at large. Bhatia (2004) defined corporate social responsibility as a

Philosophy And Philosophy Of Mathematics - 1050 Words

Philosophy of Mathematics A philosophy of mathematics should be included in an excellent philosophy of education. A philosophy of mathematics should include your thoughts and ideas about what mathematics education is, what impact it has on society, the qualities that make a good teacher, a teacher’s role, research on the standards and instructional strategies, and ways to ensure student are able to learn mathematic concepts in your classroom. Each of these ideas should forever be evolving because we grow as teachers our thought and ideas will grow. I will be discussing my thoughts and ideas on what creates an excellent philosophy of mathematics. First, mathematics education means that we understand the basic language, the importance†¦show more content†¦Teachers also have to have special qualities to make them an effective teacher. According to Robert J. Walker teachers need to have twelve basic characteristics that he highlights in his article Twelve Characteristics of an Effective Teacher. The twelve characteristic included in the article are being prepared, positive attitude, high expectations, creative, fair, personal touch, sense of belonging, compassionate, have a sense of humor, respectful, forgiving and able to admit mistakes. I believe Walker has encompassed all the important characteristic of an effective teach. These are all characteristics that I possess, which will make me an effective teacher (Walker, 2008). Cathy L. Seeley believes there are ten roles teachers have in the classroom that she highlights in her article Ten Roles for Math teachers. I found these roles to be creative in description of thei r purpose. Those ten roles are: 1) An architect for creating a learning environment. 2) A composer for creating the tasks the student will engage. 3) A director because teachers determine how students will relate to each other, their tasks, and the environment. 4) A stockbroker which is where the teacher analyzes their own teaching and the students learning. 5) A ship captain, which deals with the unpredictable factors and make sure the students learning does not veer off course. 6) A red jacket which helps the students experience the connection between the different concepts of mathematics. 7) The

Incentive or Disincentive to Work-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp

Question: Critically discuss when taxation may be an Incentive or Disincentive to the work effort. Answer: Introduction: Modern economies of world taxation are one of the regulatory instruments applied by the national governments in order to shape up the national economic activity and bring stability all over. The implementation of tax has important justification in terms of social, political and economic activities taking place within and outside any nation. Taxation of broader term refers to the levy or charges made and mandatorily collected by the government under the jurisdiction of law. Hence taxation is a phenomenon backed by legal codes and that require legitimacy from both end [1], government and taxpayer common people. Impact of taxation on national economy as a whole is huge because it influences almost everything starting from production, consumption, savings, investment, allocation of resources and also distribution and redistribution of resources. It also substantially influences the decision as well as ultimate work effort people contribute through income manipulation. The importance of work effort is undeniable in any country as the summation of these lead to shape up the total domestic production of the nation and higher the work effort, higher is the production and greater is the economic growth of the country [2]. Thus it becomes important to assess how the taxation impacts the work effort by creating incentive or disincentive to work for the people. This report is to bring forth the concept of taxatio1n and the underlying importance it has upon the national economic and social health. It focuses to assess, analyze and conclude if imposition of tax promotes or hinders work effort of people. Discussion: What Is Taxation: Taxation on a broader note refers to process of imposing and collecting taxes which is in important form of financial charges levied mandatorily by an authority mostly national and local government of any nation. Taxation is operative under legal framework of the nation following laws and the tax payers also falls under its jurisdiction. This indicates that if anyone disobeys and differs from following the law through resistance or evasion then the authority in concern can take legal action against them. Broadly, taxation can take place directly or indirectly based on whether that mode of tax collection is direct is indirect [3]. Tax can be implemented on any goods, services, property and even on income. Taxes on different components have exerts influences on service-holder, workers, sellers, buyers and citizens in different way. Types of taxes: Taxes are of different types based on the item is imposed upon. It can range from being income, form of social security contribution, goods services, property, payroll or workforce and other taxes[4]. Moreover, taxes can be levied upon imports of the goods by a nation, which is called tariff. Based on application of tax, it can be direct which refers to money collection directly and indirect taxes in form of labor. The compulsory and coercive collection of money in form of taxation is treated differently from other modes and form of payment for example in market exchanges where no obligations are imposed under taxation with no direct links with goods and services. Taxation acts as compelling act forced as threat from implicit or explicit sources. There is legal difference between taxation and extortions as government is the institutional body to implement taxes over any private bodies. Over the period of time and jurisdiction, tax systems has evolved[5]. In the modern time, tax is applied on physical assets, specific events and transaction in sales. What should be the mode, type and structure of tax policies are major concern of modern politics that imposes much challenge on the national government. Motivation behind taxation: Basic intention behind taxation is to earn revenue for government. It acts as one of the biggest internal source of government expenditure consolidating the fund that government maintains to incur expenditure. Moreover, taxing policies and collection plays pivotal role in social, economic and political aspects of ay nation. It is biggest tool applied by the government in order to maintain fiscal position, fight deficits, and gravitate towards budget surplus situation. Taxes on income and goods services has implication on national and per capita income that further determine the overall economic environment operating through social backdrop. Taxation has greatest impact on social redistribution of wealth from rich to poor and act as biggest instrument of bridging the gap of inequality. Taxation can be regressive, proportional and progressive which corresponds to rates of tax falling on the tax payers While tax imposition favors the government or authoritative bodies through preparing funds for its expenditure, the taxation create social problems too that can led to chronic economic and even political turmoil. Excessive taxation drains out income and resources making transfer or redistribution of money and resources within people and government affecting the overall lifestyle of people. Work Effort: Though scientific explanation suggests work as act of displacement due to application of force on object, in general terms work also referred to action undertaken by human. The work effort is the amount of physical and mental contribution human make in any job, work or task specified or assigned to him. There are certainly various motivating factors driving the amount of work effort contributed by people. The factors range from personal motivation, need, desire to responsibilities that create compulsion to work. However, there are some economic incentives as well that determines the work effort. For example income. It is evident that people work to earn money so that they cans satisfy their needs. If incentives are given in terms of additional pay, people would like to work more. Higher income possibilities motivate people to work more whereas lower income creates dissatisfaction that affects their work effort[6]. Even if incentives are provided whether one puts more effort in work o r not depends on psychological factors and perception regarding standard of living and life. One of the important elements to be operative behind the direction of work effort on receipt of incentive or disincentives depend on elasticity of income. Moreover, taxation is also an important component that influences income and that further affects the work effort. Relation Between Work Effort And Taxation: The relation between taxation and work effort takes place through the manipulation of income. Taxation has direct income on income. Taxes like income tax and other goods and services tax reduces the disposable income. The impact of the taxation on work effort decision implements through two channels, monetary and psychological aspects [7]. In monetary terms, imposition of tax and its increase reduces the income. This reduces the capability of the taxpayers to spend on the necessaries, which again has greater implication on consumption, which falls too. This influences the efficiency and productivity that the labors exert. Ability to work as a result gets hampered lowering down the work effort. This is the general case mostly for poor people who have lesser income normally and taxation falls heavier on them. Rich people on the other hand receive less effects of taxation on efficiency and ability to work. In terms of psychological factors, higher the taxation lesser is the motivation to earn more as more o fit will go out as tax payment from the income earner. This is common among rich strata of people compared to poor people who are more burdened psychologically for the taxation and consequent reduction in disposable income[8]. The psychological factor imposes tax as burden on the mind of the taxpayers. Generally taxation and fall in income produces disincentive effect on the willingness to work as same hours of work now pays off less income or the additional income is not enjoyed as it goes to government as tax. It is again psychological factor that let the tax payers decided upon whether they want to maintain existing living standard If they decide to do so, even the larger taxation cannot curb their willingness to work more to put extra effort in order to earn more and make up the loss of taxing. Thus, taxation has seemingly boosting effect on work effort [9]. The influence of taxation on the working ability is not always adverse or negative as some taxation are done in order to improve efficiency. For example, taxing cigarettes has positive impact on health protection of the people that further facilitates greater efficiency at work. Taxation has direct and universal impact on saving rate for all strata of people irrespective of their income level. Poor people have higher tendency to save. In presence of progressive taxation, as the income rises, people pay out more tax and thus rate of savings fall severely. This reduction in savings creates more incentive for poor people to work more to compensate the deficit caused from taxation. Fir rich people on the other hand, excessive taxation hampers savings and investment as a whole. Lower investment is symbolic of lower economic growth. Thus it can be concluded that taxation have disincentive effect more on the ability of the workers affecting the work effort through impact on income and savin gs. Income plays driving role in the decision regarding putting work effort and actually working up to the level set. How much people react and respond towards consumption and saving decisions for fall in income after taxation are determined by the income elasticity of demand. This further determines the work effort people are willing to give. The elasticity varies between individuals of different income level and psychological mindsets. Inelastic income demand induces more work effort of the tax payers so that he can consume the things anyway he wants to irrespective of fall in income due to tax imposed. This happens because changes of income have lesser impact on his consumption demand and to mitigate his demand, he contributes to put more work effort. Thus, taxation plays role of an incentive to propel work effort. Taxation and progressive tax rates will hamper the taxpayers who have elastic income demand. The reduction in income due to tax affects the savings and consumption substant ially and it acts as disincentive toward work effort of people[10]. Figure 1; Labor Supply after Tax Imposition (Source: Author) Figure 2; Labor Supply after Tax Imposition (Source: Author) The identification of whether tax induces incentive or disincentive in the work effort are done evidently through analysis of income effect and substitution effect of changes in post tax income level. There is greater implication of tax imposition in labor supply decision in the labor market. Tax on income makes individual receive lower wage than before. Lower wage cuts back the supply of labor. Two things can happen out of this. Firstly, the workers can increase the hours of work in order to keep earning certain level of income. It is known as income effect, which allows the taxpayers to compensate for the deductions from income. Secondly, the workers will become de-motivated to work and will opt for more leisure in substitution of labor[11]. This would reduce the work hour due to the disincentive in form of lower return from work. Whether imposition of tax creates incentive or disincentive among workers regarding putting more effort or supply labor that depends on which effects bet ween income and substitution effect dominates. If substitution effect dominates then more leisure and less work laborers will put effort in the post-tax scenario, Stronger income effect increases work effort and Reduces Leisure Even If Taxing Takes Place. Empirical Evidence: Implication of taxation on economic growth is huge. Growth takes place through the work effort people exert, savings and investment. Taxation has direct impact on all of these making it more crucial for economic health of any nation. Taxation is biggest instrument for any government to meet national and public demands and fund for them through collection of revenues. The rate of tax varies from proportional to progressive rate implied upon personal annual income and goods and services. The amount of tax rates numerically varies among nations too depending upon the national economic situation like fiscal position, any social issues or even political turmoil. Developed nations generally tend to have lo higher income level compared to developing nations who mostly has lower per capita income. Hence, application of higher rate of tax on developing economies will induce more work effort as people need more income to sustain standard of living or reach a standard level of consumption and s avings[12]. On the other hand higher income of the developed nation immune them form greater tax rates that never hinders their general lifestyle in terms of savings and consumption. Hence taxation imposes disincentives on the people to work and provoke them to curb labor supply. From the empirical study, it has been fund that countries like USA, Australia, Canada, Germany, Italy and few other European nations, which are also termed as developed nation, have mostly tax rates ranging from 0-10% at max whereas developing nations have tax rates much higher ranging from 15-30%[13]. Countries like China, Hong Kong, India, and Argentina etc are the developing countries that encounter higher tax rates pertaining to greater fiscal burden on government in form of public expenditure, subsidies etc. Some countries impose tax on both income an dividend earnings which is called double taxation[14]. This drains out the disposable income of the people even more Overall it can be seen that disincentive to work due to taxation is higher in the developed economies than developing ones who has to put much hard work to earn livelihood and maintain decent standard of living. Conclusion: The discussion broadly takes us to the insight of taxation and its crucial role in the work effort. The main factor that connects these two ends is income which plays pivotal role in determining the effort put by people or amount of work is to be done. Many other factors drive the decision of work effort like needs, social status, psychological mind set and so on. An imposed tax not only reduces the disposable income people earn but also imposes mental and financial burden on the tax payer that seems to motivate him to work more and some de-motivate. Taxes are applicable on broad array of goods, services and even of different types of income. Even though taxing is good for a nation as it recovers the deficit of budget faced by government allowing it to procure enough sources of expenditure, excessive taxation can lead to frustration of people through receipt of much lower income even after working much. This can create disincentive for them to produce more or work decently. On the ot her hand it also has been seen from the analysis that how income elasticity of demand and urge of sustaining standard of living boost people to work more and harder even when various taxes cause deduction from income. The impact of taxation on work effort varies even between countries whether developed or developing and income level of people, poor or rich. Conclusion seems to differ pertaining to situations specific condition. References: Best, Michael, and Henrik Kleven. "Optimal income taxation with career effects of work effort." (2012). Boadway, Robin W.From optimal tax theory to tax policy: retrospective and prospective views. MIT Press, 2012. Boadway, Robin, and Jean-Franois Tremblay. "Optimal income taxation and the labour market: An overview."CESifo Economic Studies59.1 (2012): 93-148. Buchanan, James M.Public finance in democratic process: Fiscal institutions and individual choice. UNC Press Books, 2014. Cornelissen, Thomas, Oliver Himmler, and Tobias Koenig. "Fairness spilloversThe case of taxation."Journal of Economic Behavior Organization90 (2013): 164-180. Dackehag, Margareta, and A. Hansson. "Taxation of income and economic growth: An empirical analysis of 25 rich OECD countries."Journal of Economic Development21.1 (2012): 93-118.1 Djanali, Iwan, and Damien Sheehan-Connor. "Tax affinity hypothesis: Do we really hate paying taxes?."Journal of Economic Psychology33.4 (2012): 758-775. Ehrenberg, Ronald G., and Robert S. Smith.Modern labor economics: Theory and public policy. Routledge, 2016. Fochmann, Martin, and Joachim Weimann. "The effects of tax salience and tax experience on individual work efforts in a framed field experiment."FinanzArchiv: Public Finance Analysis69.4 (2013): 511-542. Fochmann, Martin, et al. "Net Wage Illusion in a Real?Effort Experiment."The Scandinavian Journal of Economics 115.2 (2013): 476-484. Golosov, Mikhail, et al. "Preference heterogeneity and optimal capital income taxation."Journal of Public Economics 97 (2013): 160-175. Hyman, David N.Public finance: A contemporary application of theory to policy. Cengage Learning, 2014. Jacquet, Laurence, Etienne Lehmann, and Bruno Van der Linden. "Optimal redistributive taxation with both extensive and intensive responses."Journal of Economic Theory148.5 (2013): 1770-1805. Jara Tamayo, Holguer Xavier, and Alberto Tumino. "Tax-benefit systems, income distribution and work incentives in the European Union."International Journal of Microsimulation6.1 (2013): 27-62. Moffitt, Robert. "The US safety net and work incentives: The great recession and beyond."Journal of Policy Analysis and Management34.2 (2015): 458-466. Pigou, Arthur Cecil.A study in public finance. Read Books Ltd, 2013. Schrder, Melanie, et al. "Income taxation and labor supply: an experiment on couple's work effort." (2013). Shoup, Carl.Public finance. Routledge, 2017. Stantcheva, Stefanie. "Optimal income taxation with adverse selection in the labour market."Review of Economic Studies81.3 (2014): 1296-1329. Tresch, Richard W.Public finance: A normative theory. Academic Press, 2014. Hyman, David N.Public finance: A contemporary application of theory to policy. Cengage Learning, 2014. Tresch, Richard W.Public finance: A normative theory. Academic Press, 2014. Pigou, Arthur Cecil.A study in public finance. Read Books Ltd, 2013. Schrder, Melanie, et al. "Income taxation and labor supply: an experiment on couple's work effort." (2013). Shoup, Carl.Public finance. Routledge, (2017). Boadway, Robin W.From optimal tax theory to tax policy: retrospective and prospective views. MIT Press, 2012. Best, Michael, and Henrik Kleven. "Optimal income taxation with career effects of work effort." (2012). Jacquet, Laurence, Etienne Lehmann, and Bruno Van der Linden. "Optimal redistributive taxation with both extensive and intensive responses."Journal of Economic Theory148.5 (2013): 1770-1805 Moffitt, Robert. "The US safety net and work incentives: The great recession and beyond."Journal of Policy Analysis and Management34.2 (2015): 458-466 Ehrenberg, Ronald G., and Robert S. Smith.Modern labor economics: Theory and public policy. Routledge, 2016. Ehrenberg, Ronald G., and Robert S. Smith.Modern labor economics: Theory and public policy. Routledge, 2016 Dackehag, Margareta, and A. Hansson. "Taxation of income and economic growth: An empirical analysis of 25 rich OECD countries."Journal of Economic Development21.1 (2012): 93-118. Jara Tamayo, Holguer Xavier, and Alberto Tumino. "Tax-benefit systems, income distribution and work incentives in the European Union."International Journal of Microsimulation6.1 (2013): 27-62. Dackehag, Margareta, and A. Hansson. "Taxation of income and economic growth: An empirical analysis of 25 rich OECD countries."Journal of Economic Development21.1 (2012): 93-118.1